аЯрЁБс>ўџ /1ўџџџ.џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџьЅСs ПЗjbjbР Р ф'ЊkЊkЬ ъџџџџџџ]BBBBBBB4ФФФФh, 8,ФS^xxxxx???,БєЅњ>B?У|???>BBxxKx?<BxBxvŽ6BBBB?ЎН VА TBBdЭ9ЖФФ{” Lab: Turning Baking Soda into Salt  Introduction In this experiment, you will be reacting baking soda and hydrochloric acid to make table salt, sodium chloride (NaCl). This is a common reaction in baking, except other acids such as butter, milk or lemon juice are used. The carbon dioxide product causes bubbles in the mix and will cause bread to rise. The general reaction for our process will be: NaHCO3 (s) + HCl (l) -> CO2 (g) + H2O (l) + NaCl (s) (aq) You will need to measure masses very carefully and follow these directions closely in order to obtain correct results. You should notice that there are three products from this reaction. The first product is carbon dioxode, which bubbles and leaves. The last two products are water and aqueous salt. We will the water on a hot plate so that only the salt product will remain and we can obtain its mass. MATERIALS NaHCO3 3M HCl medicine dropper 100 mL beaker hot plate 10 mL graduated cylinder Procedure Clean and dry a 100 mL beaker and record its mass in your data table. Add about 1 gram of sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3, baking soda) into the beaker and record the new mass. 3. Slowly add 5 mL of 3M HCl to the baking soda. Continue adding the HCl to the baking soda until bubbling stops. You may have to swirl the contents of the beaker to ensure complete reaction. HCl is caustic and corrosive. Use care! 4. Place the beaker on a hot plate and evaporate to dryness. Do not allow the solution to spatter! If spattering begins, remove the beaker from the heat. If moisture is on the sides, lay the beaker on its side on the hot plate for a short time.. 5. Once the water has conpletely evaporated, remove the beaker from the hot plate and let it cool. 6. Record the mass of the beaker and the new white solid which is the salt, NaCl. 7. Rinse the salt down the sink. Clean and dry all materials and return them to their approprate places.. Data Mass of 100 mL beaker (g)Mass of beaker and NaHCO3 (g)Mass of beaker and Salt, NaCl (g) -Calculations 1. How many grams of NaHCO3 did you use to begin the experiment? 2. What is the experimental mass of salt you produced? 3. How many moles of NaHCO3 were used as the reactant? 4. How many moles of salt, NaCl, did you produce? 5. What is the lowest whole number mole ratio of baking soda compared to the salt product? 6. Calculate the theoretical mass of salt. 7. Compare the theoretical mass of salt to the experimental mass of salt. a. What is the percent yield? b. What is the percent error? 8. What is the mass of HCl that was used in this reaction? 9. What are some possible sources of error in this experiment? 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